7/29/2014 2:41:06 AM

The most common Linux commands that I use and forget.

* Primarily using Ubuntu from AWS images.

Directory Structure

http://www.howtogeek.com/117435/htg-explains-the-linux-directory-structure-explained/

Commands View current sessions who apt-get apt-get update sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get autoclean remove files that can't be downloaded anymore sudo apt-get autoremove remove unused dependencies adduser reboot sudo passwd change root password su login as root sudo service SERVICENAME status/start/stop/restart copy directory and contents cp -r dirSource dirDestination create an empty file touch filename.txt get ip address /sbin/ifconfig hostname -I sudo pkill -u username delete non-empty directory rm -rf myDirectory change file/directory owner sudo chown username:group directory Recursively sudo chown -R username:group directory Run a Shell Script sh myshellscript.sh or bash myshellscript.sh Find a file by name find -name "filename" by name (ignore case) find -iname "filename" List Top Processes top List All Users cat /etc/passwd Add User adduser new_username Apache edit config file pico /etc/apache2/apache2.conf install apache sudo apt-get install apache2 restart apache sudo service apache2 restart error log /var/log/apache2/ sites available etc/apache2/sites-available disable directory listing remove Indexes from apache2.conf/httpd.conf ex: Options Includes Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews Apache rewrite_module check if it is installed apache2ctl -M enabled rewrite_module a2enmod rewrite restart apache service apache2 restart allow rewrites in your apache config file <Directory /var/www> AllOveride All apachectl start apachectl stop apachectl restart /sbin/service httpd restart apachectl status MySQL sudo apt-get install mysql-client-core-5.6 sudo apt-get install mysql-server sudo apt-get remove --purge mysql-server mysql-client mysql-common sudo service mysql restart sudo stop mysql /etc/init.d/mysqld start /etc/init.d/mysqld stop /etc/init.d/mysqld restart /etc/init.d/mysqld status Connect to a MySQL Instance mysql -u <db-username> -p mysql -u root -p mysql -h <host> -P <port # optional> -u user -p mysql -h something1.something2.us-east-1.rds.amazonaws.com -P 3306 -u root -p Execute a command select * from mydbname.users; Close connection quit PHP sudo apt-get install php5 sudo apt-get install php5-gd sudo apt-get install php5-mysql sudo apt-get install php5 php5-gd php5-mysql sudo apt-get install php5-curl //possible php.ini paths in Ubunutu /etc/php5/apache2 /etc/php5/cli find the php.ini file php -i | grep "Loaded Configuration File" Git apt-get install libcurl4-gnutls-dev libexpat1-dev gettext apt-get install git Tar/Zip unzip apt-get install unzip unzip MyFile.zip tar compress a directory tar -zcvf newfilename.tar.gz my_directory/ decompress a tar file tar -zxvf newfilename.tar.gz Configs /etc/apache2/conf/httpd.conf XRDP sudo apt-get install xrdp Drupal wget http://drupal.org/files/projects/drupal-7.28.tar.gz tar -zxvf drupal-7.28.tar.gz mv drupal-7.28 /var/www/ cp -r drupal-7.28 drupal01 AWS root/ec2-user/ubuntu to login using SSH MISC apt-get install wget wget http://www.example.com/mystuff.zip ClamAV apt-get update apt-get install clamav Clam UI apt-get install clamtk update virus db freshclam check all files on the computer, displaying the name of each file clamscan -r / check all files on the computer, but only display infected files clamscan -r -i / check all files and output FOUND infected files to file clamscan -r / | grep FOUND >> /avreport.txt pico /avreport.txt Cron - cron job functions crontab -l crontab -u username -l